随着大型公共建筑的大规模建设,多层大跨度结构随之产生,其最大特点为楼盖跨度较大。目前能够应用于大跨度楼盖的结构体系主要有四类,即空腹夹层楼盖、钢桁(网)架组合楼盖、弦支楼盖以及预应力楼盖。为进一步提高楼盖结构跨越能力、提高传力效率,提出一种新型大跨度楼盖结构体系——双向弦支组合楼盖结构。
研究首先通过数值模拟的方法,对新型结构体系的静力性能和传力机理进行了系统研究,重点讨论了结构在施工阶段和使用阶段的支座反力、拉索内力、钢梁内力以及混凝土内力的时空变化规律。其次,通过与常规组合楼盖结构进行对比,研究新型楼盖结构在跨越能力方面的提升效果。最后,对双向弦支组合楼盖结构的设计方法进行了探讨,研究了在设计中忽略施工过程对设计结果的影响。
结果显示:结构水平法向支座反力在混凝土施工阶段出现大幅增加,且边界中间位置与两侧位置水平反力方向相反;在使用阶段,结构的法向水平支座反力最大,其次是竖向反力,切向水平反力最小。滑动支座水平位移在施工过程中变化较小。拉索内力在施工过程中总的趋势是逐渐增加,但在张拉阶段中间位置拉索内力存在一定的回落;除张拉阶段以外,其他施工阶段及使用阶段均为中间位置索力大、两侧位置索力小。钢梁轴力在钢结构拼装和拉索张拉阶段时均为压力,在混凝土施工阶段和使用阶段呈现中部受拉、两侧受压的空间分布。钢梁弯矩在钢结构拼装阶段以正弯矩为主,在拉索张拉阶段以负弯矩为主,在混凝土施工阶段和使用阶段呈现中部正弯矩、两侧负弯矩的分布特点。混凝土板处于受压状态,弯矩数值较小。
双向弦支组合楼盖相较于常规双向组合楼盖而言,支座水平反力、结构轴力、弯矩及竖向变形均有较大幅度的减小,静力性能优于常规双向组合楼盖。在双向弦支组合结构静力性能分析时,不考虑施工过程的计算结果与实际情况存在较大偏差,且大部分结构关键内力结果均偏小,对于结构设计而言存在一定安全隐患,因此建议在设计中采用考虑施工过程的方案进行分析。
English Abstract
With the large-scale construction of large public buildings, multi-story long-span structures have emerged, characterized by large-span floors. Currently, there are four main structural systems applicable to large-span floors:空腹夹层楼盖 (open-web sandwich floors), steel truss (grid) composite floors, cable-supported floors, and prestressed floors. To further improve the spanning capacity and force transfer efficiency of floor structures, a new type of long-span floor structural system—the bi-directional cable-supported composite floor structure—is proposed.
Through numerical simulation, the static performance and force transfer mechanism of the new structural system are systematically studied, with a focus on the spatiotemporal variation of support reactions, cable forces, steel beam internal forces, and concrete internal forces during construction and service stages. Comparisons with conventional composite floor structures are made to evaluate the improvement in spanning capacity. The design method of the bi-directional cable-supported composite floor structure is discussed, and the effect of neglecting the construction process on design results is investigated.
The results show that: the horizontal normal support reaction increases significantly during the concrete construction stage, with opposite directions at the middle and side boundaries; during the service stage, the normal horizontal support reaction is the largest, followed by the vertical reaction, and the tangential horizontal reaction is the smallest. The horizontal displacement of sliding bearings changes little during construction. Cable forces generally increase during construction but decrease temporarily at the middle position during the tensioning stage; except for the tensioning stage, cable forces are larger at the middle and smaller at the sides. Steel beam axial forces are compressive during steel structure assembly and cable tensioning, but exhibit a spatial distribution of tension in the middle and compression at the sides during the concrete construction and service stages. Steel beam bending moments are predominantly positive during steel structure assembly, negative during cable tensioning, and show a distribution of positive moment in the middle and negative moment at the sides during the concrete construction and service stages. The concrete slab remains in compression with small bending moments.
Compared with conventional bi-directional composite floors, the bi-directional cable-supported composite floor shows significant reductions in support horizontal reactions, axial forces, bending moments, and vertical deformations, indicating superior static performance. When analyzing the static performance of the bi-directional cable-supported composite structure, neglecting the construction process leads to results that deviate considerably from actual conditions, with most key internal forces being underestimated, posing safety risks for structural design. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt analysis schemes that consider the construction process in design.
近年来,随着我国经济社会的不断进步,大型公共建筑进入了大规模建设时期,公共建筑的使用功能也得到了较大提升。为满足使用要求,多层大跨度结构逐渐得到应用,其最突出的特点是屋盖和楼盖的跨度均较大。大跨度屋盖结构的研究较为丰富,而大跨度楼盖结构方面的研究相对较少。楼盖结构的研究主要集中在传统形式,如混凝土楼盖、钢-混凝土组合楼盖、预应力混凝土楼盖、木结构楼盖等。然而,上述传统楼盖结构形式适用于中小跨度,当应用于大跨度结构时,需要较大的构件截面及材料用量,在经济性和建筑美观方面均无法达到理想效果。
近年来,国内外学者针对大跨度楼盖结构逐渐展开了研究,主要包括空腹夹层楼盖、钢桁(网)架组合楼盖、弦支组合楼盖及预应力楼盖等。在空腹夹层楼盖方面,已有学者提出U形钢板-混凝土高强螺栓连接组合空腹夹层板楼盖,并对其设计分析理论、动力特性、施工方法等进行了研究。也有学者提出新型装配整体式H型钢空间钢网格楼盖结构。弦支结构作为一种新型预应力结构,是在上部刚性结构的基础上引入下部柔性索杆体系,具有刚柔并济的特点,改变了结构的传力机理,有较好的跨越能力。然而,现有研究多集中于屋盖结构,针对楼盖结构的系统性研究仍显不足。
在此背景下,为进一步提高楼盖结构的跨越能力、优化传力效率,本文提出了一种新型大跨度楼盖结构体系——双向弦支组合楼盖结构,并通过数值模拟对其静力性能和施工全过程进行了系统研究。
本文的研究主要涵盖以下三个方面:
研究首先通过数值模拟方法,对新型双向弦支组合楼盖结构的静力性能和传力机理进行了系统分析。重点考察了结构在施工阶段和使用阶段的支座反力、拉索内力、钢梁内力以及混凝土内力的时空变化规律。
具体发现包括:
为验证新型楼盖结构在跨越能力方面的提升效果,研究将双向弦支组合楼盖与常规双向组合楼盖进行了系统的对比分析。
对比结果表明:双向弦支组合楼盖相较于常规双向组合楼盖而言,支座水平反力、结构轴力、弯矩及竖向变形均有较大幅度的减小,说明新型楼盖结构的静力性能优于常规双向组合楼盖。这一结果验证了双向弦支组合楼盖在提高结构跨越能力和传力效率方面的有效性。
研究最后对双向弦支组合楼盖结构的设计方法进行了探讨,重点研究了在设计中忽略施工过程对设计结果的影响。
分析表明:在双向弦支组合结构静力性能分析时,不考虑施工过程的计算结果与实际情况存在较大偏差,且大部分结构关键内力结果均偏小。这意味着若在设计中忽略施工过程的实际影响,可能会导致结构设计偏于不安全,存在一定的安全隐患。因此,研究建议在双向弦支组合楼盖结构的设计中,应采用考虑施工过程的方案进行分析,以确保结构设计的安全性和可靠性。