来源:《土木工程学报》2022 年第 10 期
作者:马骁,唐志远,宋佳宁
主题:钢混组合楼板支座负弯矩区混凝土裂缝开展机理,栓钉布置优化、预应力改良方案,提升组合梁疲劳耐久性能
钢 - 混凝土连续组合梁在支座负弯矩区域,混凝土翼板承受拉应力极易产生横向裂缝,裂缝持续发展会引发钢筋锈蚀、降低结构刚度与疲劳寿命,长期服役下存在耐久性隐患。本文首先推导负弯矩区应力分布理论公式,分析混凝土翼板厚度、栓钉抗剪连接度、横向配筋率对裂缝萌生与扩展的影响规律;分别对普通配筋方案、预应力筋张拉方案、优化栓钉排布方案开展对比足尺静力加载试验,观测裂缝宽度、发展顺序、构件极限抗弯承载力。试验结果表明:合理调整栓钉间距、在支座区域引入局部预应力,可以有效抵消大部分拉应力,将正常使用极限状态下混凝土裂缝宽度控制在规范限值以内;局部预应力方案相较增设普通钢筋,可减少钢材用量 18% 左右。依托城市高架桥钢混连续梁工程实例开展数值模拟验证,优化构造方案能够显著改善负弯矩区受力状态。本文研究结论可为公路与建筑领域钢混连续组合梁支座区域防裂设计提供试验数据与设计参考。
For steel-concrete continuous composite beams, the concrete slab bears tensile stress in the support negative moment region and is prone to transverse cracks. The continuous development of cracks will cause steel corrosion, reduce structural stiffness and fatigue life, bringing durability risks during long-term service. In this paper, the theoretical formula of stress distribution in negative moment region is deduced, and the influences of concrete slab thickness, shear connection degree of studs and transverse reinforcement ratio on crack initiation and propagation are analyzed. Comparative full-scale static loading tests are carried out on ordinary reinforcement scheme, prestressing tendon tension scheme and optimized stud layout scheme to observe crack width, propagation sequence and ultimate bending capacity of members. The test results show that reasonably adjusting stud spacing and introducing local prestress in the support area can effectively offset most tensile stress, and control the concrete crack width under serviceability limit state within the code limit. Compared with adding ordinary reinforcement, the local prestress scheme can reduce steel consumption by about 18%. Numerical simulation verification is carried out based on the engineering example of urban viaduct steel-concrete continuous beams, and the optimized structural scheme can significantly improve the stress state of negative moment region. The conclusions of this paper can provide test data and design reference for anti-cracking design of support area of steel-concrete continuous composite beams in highway and building fields.
钢 - 混凝土组合梁充分发挥钢材抗拉、混凝土抗压的材料优势,自重轻、跨越能力强、施工速度快,广泛应用于城市高架桥梁、大跨度楼盖、厂房多层平台等工程。相比纯钢梁,组合梁刚度更大、竖向振动更小;相比钢筋混凝土梁,构件自重显著降低,下部基础造价更经济。
对于多跨连续组合梁,中间支座位置会产生负弯矩,混凝土翼板受拉、钢梁上翼缘受压。混凝土抗拉强度极低,正常使用阶段就会出现可见裂缝。
现存工程痛点:
正弯矩区段:混凝土翼板受压,钢梁受拉,组合作用充分发挥;
负弯矩区段:混凝土翼板受拉,钢梁上翼缘受压,混凝土开裂后拉力转移至纵向钢筋与钢梁上翼缘,混凝土退出受拉工作。
当拉应力超过混凝土轴心抗拉强度,微裂缝首先在板底萌生,随荷载增大向上延伸形成贯通裂缝。
共设计 3 组连续组合梁试件:
试件 A:常规普通配筋方案(对照组);
试件 B:优化栓钉间距 + 加密纵向钢筋;
试件 C:支座区域配置局部预应力筋。
逐级施加静力荷载,记录初裂荷载、裂缝分布、最大裂缝宽度、极限抗弯承载力。
试验主要结论:
采用 ABAQUS 建立精细化组合梁模型,考虑混凝土塑性损伤本构、栓钉滑移接触关系。模拟结果和试验裂缝发展趋势高度吻合。参数分析表明:栓钉过度稀疏会加剧界面滑移,促使裂缝集中出现在支座附近;适度加密支座两侧栓钉可以缓解应力集中。