来源:《钢结构》2024 年第 6 期
作者:黄泽宇,林建军,郑涛
主题:箱型钢结构模块竖向拼接节点传力机制、地震作用下滑移翘曲变形规律、高强螺栓连接失效模式、模块化建筑节点加固构造优化方案
箱型模块化钢结构依靠工厂预制箱体单元现场拼装,工业化程度高、施工速度快,是装配式钢结构住宅与临时保障性住房的主流体系。竖向上下模块之间的拼接节点是整体结构竖向力传递、水平地震剪力传递的关键薄弱部位,地震往复荷载下易出现螺栓滑移、端板翘曲、局部承压屈服等损伤,直接影响模块建筑整体抗震安全性。本文针对常用的端板高强螺栓竖向拼接节点,开展低周往复加载抗震足尺试验,观测不同端板厚度、螺栓布置形式、加劲肋设置对节点滞回性能、耗能能力、极限承载力的影响;建立精细化有限元模型分析节点应力分布与塑性发展规律,并对原常规构造提出加劲肋补强、螺栓群对称加密两项优化措施。试验结果表明:优化后的加固节点极限抗剪承载力提升 27.4%,滞回曲线更加饱满,有效抑制端板翘曲变形与螺栓滑移失效。研究提出的节点构造详图可直接应用于多高层模块化钢结构住宅施工图设计,为装配式模块钢结构抗震构造设计提供试验支撑。
Box-type modular steel structures are prefabricated in factories and assembled on site, featuring high industrialization and fast construction speed, which are the mainstream system for prefabricated steel structure residences and temporary indemnificatory housing. The vertical splicing joint between upper and lower modules is the key weak part for the transfer of vertical force and horizontal seismic shear force of the overall structure. Under reciprocating seismic load, it is prone to damages such as bolt slippage, end plate warping and local bearing yielding, which directly affect the overall seismic safety of modular buildings. In this paper, full-scale seismic low-cycle reversed loading tests are carried out on the commonly used end-plate high-strength bolt vertical splicing joints to observe the influences of end plate thickness, bolt layout and stiffener arrangement on the hysteretic performance, energy dissipation capacity and ultimate bearing capacity of joints. A refined finite element model is established to analyze the stress distribution and plastic development law of joints, and two optimization measures of stiffener reinforcement and symmetric encryption of bolt groups are proposed for the original conventional structure. The test results show that the ultimate shear capacity of the optimized reinforced joint is increased by 27.4%, the hysteretic curve is fuller, and the end plate warping deformation and bolt slippage failure are effectively restrained. The joint construction details proposed in this paper can be directly applied to the construction drawing design of multi-story high-rise modular steel structure residences, and provide experimental support for the seismic structural design of prefabricated modular steel structures.
模块化箱型钢结构将楼板、墙体、梁柱在工厂整体焊接成独立箱体,运输至现场仅需完成模块拼接与管线接驳,现场湿作业量减少 70% 以上,符合建筑工业化、双碳绿色发展政策,近年在保障性住房、学校宿舍、酒店公寓大量落地。
该体系最大受力短板集中在模块竖向拼接节点:上下箱体依靠底部端板 + 大直径高强度螺栓对穿连接,竖向压力、水平地震剪力全部由该节点承担;常规简化设计常忽略端板受弯翘曲、螺栓群受力不均问题,在 7 度及以上抗震设防区域存在安全隐患。
本次共制作 3 组试件:
试件 1:常规原始无加劲节点(对照组);
试件 2:加厚端板优化节点;
试件 3:端板加厚 + 立柱内横隔板加劲 + 螺栓群对称加密综合优化节点。
采用水平位移控制逐级加载,测试滞回曲线、骨架曲线、破坏形态。
关键试验结论:
通过 SolidWorks 建模导入 ABAQUS 进行弹塑性分析,结果直观显示:原始节点立柱端部无加劲肋,管壁应力高度集中,易出现局部压溃;增设内部横隔板后,应力均匀扩散至立柱侧壁,彻底消除应力集中隐患;对称布置螺栓群可避免单侧偏心受拉。