《耐候钢桥梁焊缝区腐蚀疲劳性能试验研究》
作者:周建庭,杨俊,张洪,范亮
期刊:中国公路学报
摘要耐候钢桥梁可以免除后期涂装维护,降低全生命周期成本,但焊接接头位置容易出现局部腐蚀,进而诱发疲劳开裂。本文针对桥梁常用 Q350NQ 耐候钢焊接接头,开展加速腐蚀环境下疲劳加载试验,观测焊缝区腐蚀形貌、裂纹萌生位置,得到腐蚀损伤后的 S‑N 疲劳曲线。结果表明:焊缝热影响区是腐蚀疲劳薄弱部位;腐蚀时间增加会显著降低接头疲劳寿命;打磨焊缝、改善焊缝成型质量可以有效延缓腐蚀疲劳裂纹产生。研究成果可为无涂装耐候钢钢桥的细节构造和养护评估提供依据。
AbsraWeathering steel bridges can omit painting maintenance and reduce whole‑life‑cycle cost, yet local corrosion at welded joints may induce fatigue cracking. Accelerated‑corrosion fatigue tests are conducted on Q350NQ weathering‑steel welded joints for bridges. Corrosion morphology and crack initiation position are observed, and S‑N fatigue curves after corrosion damage are obtained. Results reveal that the heat‑affected zone of welds is the weak zone for corrosion‑fatigue performance. Corrosion duration significantly reduces joint fatigue life. Weld grinding and better weld forming can delay crack initiation. The findings support detail design and maintenance assessment for unpainted weathering‑steel bridges.
(一)试件制备与加速腐蚀‑疲劳耦合试验
加工对接焊缝、角焊缝两类耐候钢接头,采用盐雾加速模拟自然大气腐蚀,之后开展疲劳循环加载,记录裂纹萌生寿命与断裂破坏形态。
(二)破坏特征分析
大部分疲劳裂纹起源于焊缝热影响区表面腐蚀凹坑;腐蚀时长越大,表面蚀坑越深,裂纹萌生周期大幅缩短。
(三)改善措施对比
对比原始焊缝、简单打磨焊缝两种工艺,打磨处理能够消除焊缝表面缺口与蚀坑,疲劳寿命提升约 25%~40%。